Bismillahir rahmanir raheem!
HADITH KI DEFITNITION AUR UNKE MUKHTALIF SHAKLEIN��
HADITH : Nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam ke farmaan, kaam ya kisi kaam par aapki khamoshi ko
hadith kahte hain,
inko ikattha(collect) karne me muslim alimon ne jo misaal pesh ki uska namoona kisi
dharm(religion) me nahi milta, yahan tak ki iske liye unko ek naye science ki khoj karni padi
jisko arabic me ” jirrah-tadeel” kehte hai, aur iske liye definitions bhi banani padi jo isse pehle
nahi thi, isliye unki tashreeh zaroori hai…
SAHIH : Sahih hadith ke liye in sharton ka hona laazmi hai
1- iske bayan karne waale “aadil” yani uska character bharose ke qaabil ho
2- unka dimaagi taqat ho, ya phir jo keh rahe ho wo likha huwa hon
3- uski sanad mutassil ho, yani har raawi (bayan karne waala) ne wo hadith apne ustaad se
khud suni ho
4- usme koi ‘shaaz’ baat na batayi gayi ho
5- usme kisi ki tarah ki koi ‘illat’ na paayi jaati ho
HASAN : ye wo hadith hai jisme sahih hadith ki saari shartein paayi jaati ho, sirf raawi ki
dimagi taqat kuch kamzor ho, lekin itni bhi na ho ki wah dhaeff ban jaaye
DHAEEF : ye wo hadith hai jisme sahih hadith ke kuch masle na paaye jaate hon
DHAEEF JIDDAN : jiski sanad ka koi raawi bahut zyada kamzor ho lekin jhoota naa ho
MAWDOO : ye haqeeqat me hadith hai hi nahi, kyonki ye hadith ki wo qism hai jisko kisi
raawi ne apni taraf se gadkar nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam ki taraf mansoob kar diya, lekin ‘
mawdoo’ ko parakhne ke liye bahut zyada koshish karna padta h, isliye muhaddiseeno ne iske
mutallik bahut si kitaaben likhi aur jahan jahan mawdoo hadithein aayi unko waazeh kar diya,
taaki islam me koi apni taraf se kuch daakhil na kar sake, isliye ye hadithein hadith ki kitaabon
me to daakhil ho gayi, lekin muhaddiseeno ne isko waazeh kar diya
MUTAWATIR : ye hadith ki wo qism hai jisko bayan karne waale itne zyada hon ki unka
jhoot bolna namumkin ho jaaye, mutawatir hadith ke liye do sharton ka paaya jaana zaroori hai
1- iske bayan karnewaale sanad ke har part me itne paayen jaayen ki inka kisi jhoot par sahmat
ho jaana na mumkin ho jaaye
2- mutawatir hadith ka 5 masleh(jo sahih hadith ka hai) me se kisi ek ke zimme jaanna zaroori
hai
ILLAT :hadithon par research karte waqt jo sanad aur matan me kamiyan paayi jaati hain unko ‘
illat’ kehte hain, jiski wajah se hadith daeef ho jaati hai, kamiyon ke mutabik hadith me illat
ghat’ti badhti rahti hai, kabhi kamiyan khatm bhi ho jaati hai, aur kabhi nahi bhi hoti, isko
parakhne ke liye bahut zyada hadith ki science(jirrah wa tadeel) ki zarurat padhti hai, illat
parakhne waale mashoor muhaddithon me imam bukhari rh, imam daar e kutni rh, imam
baihaqi khaas hain
MAHFOOZ : yah sahih hadith ki qism hai, ye wo hadith Hai jo kisi kam aadil raawi ke khilaaf
zyada aadil raawi ke zariye bayan ki jaati hai, zyada adl waale raawi ki hadith ko mahfooz kahte
hain aur is tarah ki hadith ke mutabik amal karna zaroori hai
SHAAZ : wo hadith jo kisi zyada aadil raawi ke khilaaf, kisi kam adl waale raawi ke zariye
bayan ki gayi ho shaaz kahlaati hai, is par amal karna zaroori nahi
MAA’RUF : ye bhi sahih hadith ki qism hai jiska raawi aadil hota hai lekin koi ‘dhaeef’ raawi
uske mukhaalif hadith bayan kare to aadil raawi ki hadith ‘maaruf’ kahlaayegi, jisko apnaana
zaroori hai, aur ‘ dhaeef’ raawi ki hadith munkar kahlaayi us amal karna haraam hai
MUNKAR :yah daeef hadith ki wo qism hai jiska raawi ‘daeef’ bhi ho aur kisi aadil raawi ke
khilaaf me hadith bayaan kare
MAR’FU : yah wo hadith hai jisko nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam se mansoob kiya jaaye, ye
sahih bhi ho sakti hai aur daeef bhi, agar uski sanad ya matan Me koi illat nahi hai to sahih hogi,
aur agar koi illat paayi gayi to daeef hogi
MUNQA’TA : yah hadith ki wo qism hai jiski sanad me koi raawi aisa mil jaaye jisne apne ustad
se hadith na suni ho, to usko munqata kehte hain, yani matlab yah hai ki sanad beech se kat
gayi hai, munqata hadith bhi zaeef hadith ki qism mese hai, kyonki hadith ke sahih hone ke liye
zaroori hai ki wo mutassil ho yani kahin se kati na ho
MAUQOOF : yah haqeeqat me hadith nahi hai, lekin hadith ki kitaabon me paayi jaati hai
‘mauqoof’ ka maana hai rok dena, yani nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam se mansoob karne se rok
kar kisi sahabi se mansoob ki jaati hai, isliye mauqoof hadith daeef hadithon ki qismo me to aati
hai lekin wah hadith nahi hai
MATAN : matan se muraad wah hadith hai jo sanad ke baad bayan ki jaati hai, kuch kitaaben
hadith ki aisi hain jinme sirf matan hota hai, lekin ye kitaben hadith ki asal kitaben nahi hain,
balki logon ki sahooliyat ke liye asal se likhi gayi hai, jaise ‘ mishqaat’
SANAD : hadith ki kitabon me matan bayan karne se phle riwayat karne waalon ke silsile ko
sanad kahte hai, yah tareeqa(science) kisi aur dharm me nahi paaya jaata
JAAMI : hadith ki us kitab ko kahte hain jisme ahkaam ke saath saath, imaan, fitan, tafsir etc
bayan ki jaaye : jaami sahih bukhari, jaami sahi muslim
SUNAN : hadith ki wah kitab jo ahkaam aur deen ke huqm ke base par likhi gayi ho, jaise sunan
abu dawood, sunan nisai, sunan tirmizi, sunan ibne maaja etc.
MUSNAD : us kitab ko kahte hain jo sahaba ke base par likhi gayi ho, jaise ‘ musnad ahmad’
TABIEE : jo kisi sahabi se mila ho aur usse hadithon ka ilm haasil kiya ho use taabiee kahte hain.
MURSAL : woh hadith jisko taabiee bayan karen aur allah ke rasool nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam
se mansoob karen, jabki wah nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam se milaa hi na ho jaise ‘ hz hasan
basri rh ‘ agar kahen ki nabi sallallaho alaihi wasallam ne farmaya ”……..” is tarah ki hadith ko
mursal kaha jaayega, kyonki hasan basri rh taabi hain aur hadith bayaan karne me kisi sahabi
ka zikr nahi hai jabki hadith ko un tak pahunchaane me koi na koi sahabi zaroor honge
SHEIKH-UL-ISLAM : yeh hadithon ke aalimon ki wo laqab hai jo bahut kam logon ko mili hai
kyonki yah un logon ke liye istemal ki jaati hai, jo hadith, fiqah, etc me bahut aage nikal gaye
hon jaise ibne taimiyyah rh
HAAKIM : yah hadith ke aalimon ka laqab hai ,jo hadithon ko yaad karne ke saath saath sanad
ka bhi aalim ho, aur uska ilm bahut faila huwa ho..
MUHADDITH - Hadith k specialist ko kehte h..jinhe hadeesein yaad bhi hoti h aur wo unko classify bhi kar skte hain...
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